The article describes the concept of the development of patient-oriented medicine and pharmacy in the Russian Federation.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the need to conduct a scientifically sound analysis of the quality of life of the population of the country, improve the standard of living of citizens through the implementation of measures developed by government bodies, including medical and preventive work. Purpose. The main purpose of this study was a hygienic assessment and identification of the differences in the quality of life of the urban and rural populations in terms of physical and psychological well-being, determining the level of indicators of the general health of the population of working age. Materials and methods. To assess the quality of life in this study, the questionnaire «SF-36 Health Status Survey» was used. The authors found that the quality of life of rural residents is lower than that of urban residents. This difference was especially visible in indicators that are directly dependent on the emotional and physical state of a person. Results. Hygienic assessment of the quality of life of the population in terms of physical and psychological well-being allowed the authors to identify several differences in the assessment of the quality of life of residents of urban and rural areas of Yaroslavl and the Yaroslavl region. Conclusions. The indicators of the general state of health of the rural population of working age, according to the authors, indicate insufficient access to medical care and a low level of literacy of the population in matters of maintaining and strengthening their own health, as well as medical activity, which inevitably follows from the lack of due attention to group and individual forms of hygienic education and training and measures of medical and preventive activities among the rural population. Therefore, solving the problem of access to medical and preventive care for the rural population should be an effective mechanism for improving the quality of life of this category of citizens.

The aim of the current descriptive review was to identify the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in the elderly. Most of the publications included in this review show that protein and vitamin D intake, as well as a healthy and balanced diet, plays an important protective role against the development of sarcopenia. However, current scientific evidence is insufficient to draw sound conclusions. Although the role of nutrition in sarcopenia has been assessed in scientific publications over the past decade, most of the studies conducted are highly heterogeneous and had small sample sizes. Larger meta-analyses and randomized trials with strict inclusion criteria must better describe the role of nutrition in the development and treatment of sarcopenia. In conclusion, general recommendations on nutrition are given. A literature search was conducted in three electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, for the period from 2012 to December 1, 2022. Secondary sources included articles cited in articles extracted from the above sources. Inclusion criteria were crossover or cohort studies involving individuals ≥60 years of age. There were no restrictions on the language bias of the publication. Search strategy: key words used to describe the condition of the participants were: «old age», «infirmity», and «sarcopenia».

Relevance. The frequency of chronic heart failure (CHF) increases with age. A common pathology in patients with CHF is iron deficiency (ID). Age may contribute to development of ID in patients with CHF. The purpose of the study: To study the features of clinical and laboratory parameters in elderly and senile patients with CHF, depending on the presence of ID. Materials and methods: 2 groups of patients with CHF 2-4 functional class were examined: group 1-60-74 years (146 patients, mean age 68.1±3.1), group 2-75 years and older (127 patients, mean age 78.3±2.2). All patients underwent a clinical examination, a 6-minute walk test, a general blood test, the determination of the level of iron, ferritin, transferrin in blood serum, iron saturation of transferrin, soluble transferrin receptors, hepcidin, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, the presence and severity of asthenia, anxiety, depression. Results. It has been established that patients in the senile group have a significantly higher functional life expectancy and more pronounced clinical and laboratory manifestations of CHF (the worst 6-minute walk test, more pronounced manifestations of asthenia and depression, a higher concentration of NT-proBNP, hepcidin), compared with elderly patients. The presence of ID in both age groups increases the manifestations of physical asthenia and anxiety. Conclusions: 1) the severity of clinical manifestations of CHF in senile patients is significantly higher than in elderly patients; 2) in senile patients, the levels of hepcidin and latent ID are significantly higher than those in elderly patients; 3) latent ID in both age groups increases the manifestations of physical asthenia and anxiety; 4) it is advisable to conduct early diagnosis of latent ID in all patients with CHF of elderly and, especially, senile age for the timely detection of this condition and the appointment of therapy for correcting ID.

A study on the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, includes a brief overview of the current state of use of AI in healthcare and its potential benefits and risks. The article summarizes the current regulations that exist for AI in healthcare, including any relevant laws, guidelines, and best practices, including information on regulatory bodies such as the FDA and HIPAA. The ethical considerations arising from the use of AI in healthcare, such as patient confidentiality and data security, bias in algorithms, and transparency in decision making, are given. Examples of AI in healthcare are given that illustrate the challenges and opportunities provided by the technology, including both successful and unsuccessful implementations. Future developments in AI and healthcare are described, including emerging technologies and trends, and predictions of how rules might evolve in response to these developments. Summarize and provide recommendations for addressing regulatory challenges related to AI in healthcare.

The results and the degree of safety of hypoglycaemic drugs are presented. The current work analyses the safety of the use of sulfonylurea derivatives, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides and α-glucosidase inhibitors according to clinical studies published in the scientific literature. Macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) develop much earlier than microvascular complications and cause death in 75 % — 80 % of patients. The safety of hypoglycaemic therapy is assessed by the occurrence of hypoglycaemia, changes in body weight, effects on the gastrointestinal tract, and, of course, is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. In evaluating the results of numerous clinical studies, the use of sulfonylurea drugs (except gliclazide), meglitinides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose), and thiazolidinediones are not recommended in patients with a very high cardiovascular risk for treating type 2 diabetes due to evidence of an adverse effect on prognosis, or the presence of conflicting data or the lack of sufficient arguments for the cardiovascular safety of drugs. Metformin remains the preferred initial therapy with good tolerability.